Earthquake: shaking and trembling from movement of rock below Earth's surface Stress: force that acts on rock to change shape/size Shearing: type of stress; pushes rock in two opposite directions past each other Tension: pulls on crust; makes it thin in middle Compression: squeezes rock together until folds/breaks Deformation: change in volume or shape of Earth's crust Fault: break in Earth's crust where slabs of crust can move past each other Strike-Split Fault: rocks slip past each other Normal Fault: a fault that is in an angle so a block of rock lies above the fault while the other block lies below the fault Hanging Wall: the half that lies above the fault Footwall: the half that lies below the fault Reverse Fault: the same structure as the normal, only reversed Fault-block Mountain: a mountain that is produced by two normal faults Folds: bends in rock when compression shortens and thickens parts of the Earth's Crust Anticline: a fold in a rock that bends upward into an arch Syncline: a fold in a rock that bends down in the middle to form a bowl Plateau: a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level
Outline
Earth's Crust in Motion
Types of Stress
Tension
Deformation
Compression
Shearing
Kinds of Faults
Strike-Slip Faults
The San Andreas Fault is a type of Strike-Slip Fault
Normal Fault
A normal fault created the Rio Grande Rift Valley
Reverse Fault
A reverse fault created the Appalachian Mountains
Friction Along Faults
Mountain Building
Mountains Formed By Faults: Fault-Block Mountain
A fault-block mountain is formed by two normal faults
The Sierra Nevada is a example of a fault-block mountain
Mountains Formed By Folding
A mountain formed by folding is produced from a collision of lands
The Himalayas is an example of a mountain formed by folding
Anticlines and Synclines
Anticlines and Synclines are produced by compression (stress form)
The Black Hills of South Dakota are examples of Anticline and Synclines
Table of Contents
Chapter 2.1
Vocabulary
Earthquake: shaking and trembling from movement of rock below Earth's surface
Stress: force that acts on rock to change shape/size
Shearing: type of stress; pushes rock in two opposite directions past each other
Tension: pulls on crust; makes it thin in middle
Compression: squeezes rock together until folds/breaks
Deformation: change in volume or shape of Earth's crust
Fault: break in Earth's crust where slabs of crust can move past each other
Strike-Split Fault: rocks slip past each other
Normal Fault: a fault that is in an angle so a block of rock lies above the fault while the other block lies below the fault
Hanging Wall: the half that lies above the fault
Footwall: the half that lies below the fault
Reverse Fault: the same structure as the normal, only reversed
Fault-block Mountain: a mountain that is produced by two normal faults
Folds: bends in rock when compression shortens and thickens parts of the Earth's Crust
Anticline: a fold in a rock that bends upward into an arch
Syncline: a fold in a rock that bends down in the middle to form a bowl
Plateau: a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level
Outline
Earth's Crust in Motion
Diagram 2.1